DRŽAVNI DUG TRI MILIJARDE EURA

Državni dug na kraju juna iznosio je 3,1 milijardu eura ili 70,1 odsto bruto domaćeg proizvoda (BDP), saopšteno je iz Ministarstva finansija, što je za 440 miliona više nego u istom mjesecu prošle godine.
Iz tog resora je objavljeno na računu države postoje depoziti od 344 miliona eura, zbog čega računaju neto državni dug od 2,76 milijardi ili 62,3 odsto BDP-a. Neto državni dug je u odnosu na jun prošle godine veći za 168 miliona eura.
U dokumentu Ministarstva nije navedeno na šta se odnosi ovaj depozit, već samo da su dio njega i zlatne rezerve. Zlatne rezerve od 38,5 hiljada unici sada vrijede oko 40 miliona eura, što znači da se preostalih trista miliona eura depozita odnosi na novac koji je dobijen prije 30. juna ali do tada nije potrošen pa se računa kao depozit. Nije navedena ni svrha ovog depozita, pa će, ako on bude utrošen na plaćanje dugova, uticati na stvarno smanjenje državnog, ali oko ode na krpljenje budžetskih rupa, vraćanje tuđih dugova i tekuću potrošnju, državni dug ostaje u bruto iznosu.
Ukupan spoljni dug iznosi 2,64 milijarde eura i on je za godinu dana porastao za 448 miliona eura. Na ovaj rast uticao je novi sindicirani zajam od 250 miliona eura, uzet u maju ove godine od više zajmodavaca za refinansiranje budžeta, rast zaduženja po osnovu euroobveznica 1,08 na 1,21 milijardu i duga duga za gradnju dionice autoputa sa 334 na 406 miliona.
Ukupan domaći dug iznosi 460 miliona eura i on je za godinu dana smanjen za devet miliona eura. Umanjenje se odnosi na nešto niži dug poslovnim bankama i po osnovu državnih zapisa.
U državni dug uračun je i dug vladinih javnih preduzeća od 40,8 miliona eura.
U ovaj dug nije uračunat dug crnogorskih opština koji sada iznosi oko 140 miliona eura, već on sa državnim čini javni dug. Tako da bi sadašnji javni dug u bruto iznosi vrijedio 3,25 milijardi, a u neto iznosu (ako se depozit iskoristi za smanjenje duga) 2,9 milijardi eura.
U strategiji upravljanja javnim dugom 2018/20. predviđeno je da će mjere sanacionog plana od početka ove godine, kao što su veći PDV, veće akcize i niži tekući troškovi, uticati na smanjene potrebe za zaduživanjima i pad javnog duga. Strategijom je predviđeno da će državni dug na kraju ove godine iznositi 2,96 milijardi eura (67,5 odsto BDP-a), kao i da će zbog mjera sanacionog plana naredne godine pasti na 2,87 milijardi (62,8 odsto BDP-a), a u 2020. na 2,67 milijardi ili 56,5 odsto BDP-a.
Međutim, Vlada je u međuvremenu uradila dva rebalansa budžeta, a glavni razlozi su bili pad prihoda od akciza za 14 miliona eura zbog organizovanog šverca, rast tekućih izdataka za 27 miliona zbog povećanja broja zaposlenih u javnoj upravi, povećani troškovi za zdravstvo za 25 miliona eura, kao i potrebe za većim zaduženjima državnog budžeta.
Ministar finansija Darko Radunović u julu je priznao da je greška što su u 2017. godini tri puta povećavali akcize na duvanske proizvode, zbog čega su akcize od 1. septembra smanjene za oko 20 centi po paklici, a to smanjenje važiće i cijeli 2019. godinu.
Ranije je bilo predviđeno još jedno povećanje akciza početkom 2019. godine. Sve to uticaće da će država imati manje prihode od onih predviđenih strategijom za smanjenje javnog duga.
Autori strategije očekivali su i da u 2019. godini neće doći do značajnijeg rasta duga zbog gradnje autoputa, jer se očekivalo da će većina radova biti okončana do kraja ove godine i da će iznos tih plaćanja biti u planiranom državnom dugo od 2,96 milijardi na kraju godine koji je već dostignut po drugim osnovama.
Sada iz Ministarstva saobraćaja saopštavaju da će izgradnja autoputa trajati moguće do kraja naredne godine. Za preostale neplaćene radove na autoputu iz kredita kineske Eksim banke biće uzeto još oko 300 miliona eura, a tu je i problem u ugovoru zaboravljene petlje Smokovac, što bi moglo dodatno da košta oko 30 miliona eura za što bi bio uzet novi kredit.
Rastu obaveze za izgubljene sporove
Strategijom za smanjenje javnog duga nije bilo očekivano da će Vlada gubiti nove sudske sporove što je počelo da značajno ugrožava njenu kasu. Nedavno je pred sudom u Strazburu izgubljen spor sa kompanijom KIPS, a potencijalno obeštećenje državu može koštati i 30 miliona eura.
Državno preduzeće Regionalni vodovod izgubilo je spor od austrijskog Štrabaga od 12 miliona eura, pa će Vlada morati vanredno da mu pomaže kako bi obavljalo javnu funkciju i nastavilo predviđene investicije.
Nastavili su da rastu i izgubljeni radni sporovi sa zaposlenima u javnoj upravi, što vanredno državu kasu košta još oko dvadesetak miliona godišnje.
Državnoj kasi, ove ali i narednih godina, prijete i garancije date na kredite gubitaških državnih kompanija poput Crnogorske plovidbe, Montenegro erlajnsa, Barske plovidbe, Željezničkog prevoza i Željezničke infrastrukture…
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