NOVE PREPORUKE: Vakcinacija trudnica, dojilja, djece, kombinovanje vakcina, treća doza

Na osnovu stavova nacionalnog Stručnog savjetodavnog tijela za imunizaciju (NITAG), donesene su nove preporuke za vakcinaciju protiv COVID-19 koje se odnose na vakcinaciju trudnica i dojilja, vakcinaciju djece, kombinovanje vakcina AstraZeneka i Fajzer u izuzetnim slučajevima, kao i postupku uvođenja treće doze vakcine za sada isključivo kod klinički izuzetno osjetljivih/ranjivih osoba koje nisu razvile antitjela nakon vakcinacije, saopšteno je iz Instituta za javno zdravlje.
I – Stav o vakcinaciji trudnica i dojilja protiv COVID-19
Predlaže se vakcinacija trudnica sa komorbiditetima, kao i trudnica koje su na radnom mjestu izložene povećanom riziku od infekcije. Savjetuje se vakcinacija i ostalih trudnica koje iskažu interesovanje, u dogovoru sa ginekologom koji prati trudnoću. Preporučuje se da se vakcinacija obavlja nakon prva tri mjeseca trudnoće iz razloga predostrožnosti. Preporučena je vakcina proizvođača Pfizer jer za ovu vakcinu postoji najviše podataka. Takođe, savjetuje se i vakcinacija dojilja koje to žele, a takođe su preporučene mRNA vakcine (Fajzer).
II – Stav o vakcinaciji djece protiv COVID-19
Predlaže se vakcinacija djece uzrasta od 12 do 17 godina koja imaju komorbiditete i djece koja u porodici imaju lica sa značajnom imunosupresijom (onkološki pacijenti, HIV/AIDS…). Vakcinacija djece se može sprovoditi samo dostupnom mRNA vakcinom (vakcina proizvođača Pfizer). Vakcinisati se mogu i ostala djeca uzrasta 12-17 godina koja ne pripadaju navedenim grupama, uz konsultaciju sa pedijatrom i uz saglasnost roditelja/staratelja.
III Kombinovanje vakcina AstraZeneka i Fajzer za sada se preporučuje isključivo ukoliko je nakon prve doze AstraZenecca vakcine došlo do teških neželjenih događaja (tromboza sa trombocitopenijom, sindrom kapilarnog curenja), kada se kao druga doza može ponuditi mRNA vakcina (Pfizer).
IV Uvođenje treće doze vakcinese za sada preporučuje isključivo kod osoba koje pripadaju grupi posebno klinički izuzetno osjetljivih/ranjivih lica a koja najmanje dva mjeseca nakon druge doze vakcine nisu razvila antitjela. Spisak stanja kod kojih se preporučuje analiza antitjela su:
- primaoci transplantacija čvrstih organa
- osobe sa određenim vrstama malignih neoplazmi
- ljudi s malignom neoplazmom koji su podvrgnuti aktivnoj hemoterapiji
- ljudi s malignom neoplazmom pluća koji su na radikalnoj radioterapiji
- ljudi s malignim neoplazmama krvi ili koštane srži poput leukemije, limfoma ili mijeloma koji su u bilo kojoj fazi liječenja
- ljudi koji su na imunoterapiji ili drugoj vrsti kontinuiranog tretmana antitijelima u cilju liječenja maligne neoplazme
- ljudi koji imaju druge oblike ciljanih tretmana za maligne neoplazme a koji mogu uticati na imuni sistem, poput inhibitora protein kinaze ili PARP inhibitora
- ljudi koji su imali transplantaciju koštane srži ili matičnih ćelija u posljednjih 6 mjeseci ili koji još uvijek uzimaju/primaju imunosupresionu terapiju
- ljudi s teškim respiratornim stanjima, uključujući cističnu fibrozu, tešku astmu i tešku hroničnu opstruktivnu bolest pluća (HOBP)
- osobe s rijetkim bolestima koje značajno povećavaju rizik od infekcija (poput teške kombinovane imunodeficijencije (SCID), homozigotne bolesti srpastih ćelija)
- ljudi na imunosupresivnoj terapiji koja je dovoljno snažna da značajno povećava rizik od infekcije
- problemi sa slezinom, na primjer splenektomija
- odrasle osobe s Down-ovim sindromom
- odrasle sobe koje su na dijalizi ili imaju hroničnu bolest bubrega (stadijum 5)
- žene koje su trudne sa značajnim srčanim bolestima, urođenim ili stečenim
“Osobama koje pripadaju navedenim grupama, preporučuje se da urade analizu antitjela na SARS-CoV-2, najranije dva mjeseca nakon druge doze vakcine. Ukoliko se nalazom antitjela utvrdi da nije došlo do serokonverzije tj. da je rezultat negativan, takvim licima će se ponuditi treća doza vakcine i da to bude mRNA vakcina (Pfizer) jer su prema do sada dostupnim dokazima najimunogenije. Ukoliko se kod ovih osoba utvrdi serokonverzija, ali je titar antitjela nizak, ovim osobama se može ponuditi da izaberu – da kao treću dozu prime vakcinu istog proizvođača, ili nezavisno od toga da to bude mRNA vakcina”, navode iz IJZ-a.
Institut će, kako je saopšteno, u saradnji sa domovima zdravlja napraviti plan uzimanja uzoraka krvi za analizu i definisati postupak testiranja. Nakon pristizanja rezultata definisaće se postupak vakcinisanja osoba koje spadaju u rizične grupe u slučajevima gdje se procjeni da je to potrebno. Građani koji pripadaju gore navedenim rizičnim grupama će o početku i načinu primjenjivanja ove preporuke biti blagovremeno informisani od strane Instituta i lokalnih Domova zdravlja. Još jednom naglašavamo da je testiranje na antitjela i nakon toga vakcinacija trećom dozom vakcine kod osoba koje nemaju razvijena antitjela preporučeno samo i isključivo za gore navedena – precizno definisana stanja.
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