Sve manje ajkula u crnogorskom moru
U crnogorskom dijelu Jadrana u posljednje dvije godine zabilježeno je nešto više od 50 jedinki ajkula na sedam lokaliteta, što govori da broj tih vrsta nije, kako se misli, povećan, već smanjen.
To je, nakon dvije godine terenskog istraživanja, ali i informacija od lokalnih ribara o ulovu i viđanju, pokazalao istraživanje Crrnogorskog društva ekologa (CDE), sprovedeno zajedno sa Institutom za biologiju mora.
Dvogodišnje istraživanje, kako je kazao Ilija Ćetković iz CDE, odnosilo se na dio morskog ribarstva čiji je cilj izlov tune i druge krupne plave ribe, a predmet istraživanja bio je uticaj pelagičnih parangala (ribolova sa posebnom vrstom udice) i Big Game Fishinga (sportskog ribolova na tune), ali i mreža stajaćica na ajkule. Istraživanje je finansirala Raford fondacija iz Velike Britanije.
Ćetković navodi da su Najčešće domaće vrste većih ajkula su pas modrulj, mako ajkula i ajkula lisica.
“Pored njih, Jadran ima i više manjih vrsta ajkula, među kojima su morska mačka, pas pena, pešikan i druge. Ljudi nekad steknu mišljenje da se njihova brojnost povećala, sto se obično događa tokom turističke sezone. To je lako objasniti, jer je u tom dijelu godine na moru veliki broj ljudi u ribolovu, jedrenju, ronjenju i drugim aktivnostima. Samim tim je uvećan i broj susreta sa nekom od više vrsta ajkula koje naseljavaju Jadran. Širenju tog mišljenja doprinosi i činjenica da svako ima telefon kojim može zabilježiti susret sa ajkulom, pa se te slike i snimci jako brzo šire u medijima i na društvenim mrežama”, kazao je Ćetković.
On je naveo da je smrtnost ovih drevnih vrsta morskih predatora najčešće je prouzrokovana nemogućnošću stalnog plivanja nakon susreta sa nekim od ribolovnih alata.
“U slučaju Big Game Fishinga, stvar koja najčešće presudi je želja za trofejem, odnosno ulovom ajkule, iako je izlov mako ajkule, atlantske ajkule, ali i neke od drugih vrsta zakonom zabranjen i nalaze se na listi Naredbe o lovostaju uzrasnih klasa riba i drugih morskih organizama”, kazao je Ćetković.
On je kazao da Naredba određuje evidentiranje njihovog ulova, i vraćanje u more žive i nepovrijeđene.
“Morski pas modrulj nema nikakav stepen zakonske zaštite, međutim, iako je najčešća vrsta pelagijske ajkule u Jadranu, ima sve nižu prisutnost. Zbog toga apelujemo na ribare da puste žive jedinke ajkula, a dostave informacije o njihovom ulovu”, naveo je on.
Četković kaže da su u Crnoj Gori zakonom zaštićene i velika bijela ajkula i golema psina, koja se hrani planktonom. Glavna prijetnja za ajkule je ribolov tune, kako komercijalni, tako i sportski. Većina tih vrsta je uhvaćena na parangalu. Često su pronađeni mrtvi na kukama, ali ako su živi, ribar ih ubija da bi dobio trofej.
Vrlo korisne i ne napadaju čovjeka
Ajkule se smatraju potencijano opasnim po čovjeka, zbog njihove veličine i predatorskih osobina, ali je u svijetu broj susreta sa njima mali.
“One su oduvijek stanovnici Jadrana koje relativno često srećemo, pa ipak nije zabilježen nijedan slučaj napada ovih vrsta na čovjeka. Plan zaštite za ove vrste kod nas ne postoji. Takođe, za crnogorski dio Jadrana, ali i Jadran generalno, postoji malo podataka o ovoj grupi riba. Razlozi za to su teški uslovi rada na terenu, ali i veliki novac potreban za istraživanje. Ljudi generalno imaju jako negativan stav o ajkulama, kako zbog straha tako i zbog neznanja. Javnost je slabo zna o njihovoj važnosti za morski ekosistem, koji one održavaju u normalnom stanju kao top predatori. U slučaju nestanka ovih vrsta, morski lanci ishrane bi se potpuno poremetili. Iz tog razloga, većina ovih vrsta je zaštićena međunarodnim svjetskim i evropskim konvencijama i dokumentima”, kazao je Ćetković.
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