Uskršnji običaji i vjerovanja koja morate da ispoštujete: Za dobrobit cijele porodice!

Vaskrs je najveći hrišćanski praznik, dan Hristovog vaskrsnuća.
Vuk Karadžić, u svom “Rječniku”, za glavni naziv ovog praznika je uzeo Vaskrsenije, ali pominje i druge nazive –Vaskrsenje, Uskrs, Vazam, Veligdan. U njegovoj zbirci poslovica, u jednoj se sreće prvi navedeni naziv, a u dvije – Uskrs.
Veliki petak
Na Veliki petak, kada se slavi uspomena na Hristovo raspeće, u našim hramovima, popodne iznosi se plaštanica (platno na kome je prikazano polaganje Hristovo u grob), koju vjernici cjelivaju sve do Vaskrsa. Plaštanica se postavlja na posebno ukrašen sto, ispred oltara. U nekim našim krajevima, običaj je da se vjernici posle cjelivanja plaštanice, provlače ispod stola na koji je položena plaštanica. Po narodnom vjerovanju prilikom provlačenja, treba se pomoliti Bogu i pomisliti neku lijepu želju, i ta želja će biti ispunjena. Na Veliki petak poželjno je ništa ne jesti, a ukoliko jedete, post je obavezan.
Za Vaskrs su, takođe, vezani lijepi običaji u našem narodu. U cijelom hrišćanskom svijetu, pa i kod nas, za ovaj praznik je vezan običaj darivanja jajima.
Jaja i farbanje
Jaje je simbol obnavljanja prirode i života. I kao što badnjak goreći na ognjištu daje posebnu čar božićnoj noći, tako isto vaskršnje crveno jaje znači radost i za one koji ga daju i koji ga primaju.
Farbanje vaskršnjih jaja Jedan od najljepših i najradosnijih srpskih običaja, koji se nije iskorijenio, čak ni u gradovima, jeste farbanje jaja za Vaskrs. Vrijedna domaćica, po ustaljenoj tradiciji, vaskršnja jaja boji (farba) na Veliki petak, u dan kada se, inače, ništa drugo ne radi. Prvo obojeno jaje, ostavlja se na stranu do idućeg Vaskrsa i zove “čuvarkuća”.
Simbolika farbanje jaja vrši se u spomen na događaj kada je sveta Marija Magdalina Mironosica (to je ona djevojka, koja je sa Presvetom Bogorodicom, neprekidno bila uz Hrista u toku njegovog golgotskog stradanja, i kojoj se Hristos prvoj javio po vaskrsenju), putovala u Rim da propovijeda Jevanđelje, i posjetila cara Tiberija. Tada mu je, u znak pažnje, kao novogodišnji poklon, predala crveno jaje, i pozdravila ga riječima: “Hristos Vaskrse”. Crvena boja simboliše Spasiteljevu, nevino prolivenu krv na Golgoti, ali je crvena boja istovremeno i boja vaskrsenja. Jer vaskrsenja nema bez stradanja i smrti.
Vaskršnje slavlje
Kada svane dan Vaskrsenja Hristova, sa svih tornjeva pravoslavnih hramova, dugo, zvone sva zvona, i javljaju dolazak velikog praznika. Domaćin sa svojom čeljadi odlazi u crkvu na svetu vaskršnju službu. Posle službe, narod se međusobno pozdravlja riječima: “Hristos Vaskrse!” i “Vaistinu Vaskrse!” Taj pozdrav traje sve do Spasovdana.
Kad se dođe iz crkve kući, svi se ukućani međusobno pozdravljaju vaskršnjim pozdravom i ljube. Domaćin onda pali svijeću, uzima kadionicu i tamjan, okadi sve ukućane koji stoje na molitvi, predaje nekom mlađem kadionicu i ovaj kadi cijelu kuću. Ukoliko se ne umije da otpeva vaskršnji tropar, naglas se čita “Oče naš” i druge molitve koje se znaju napamet, ili se čitaju iz molitvenika. Posle zajedničke molitve, ponovo, jedni drugima čestitaju Vaskrs i sjedaju za svečano postavljenu trpezu.
Kucanje jajima
Na stolu stoji ukrašena činija sa ofarbanim jajima. Domaćin prvi uzima jedno jaje, a za njim svi ukućani. Tad nastane veselje i takmičenje čije je jaje najjače. To predstavlja veliku radost za djecu. Prilikom tucanja izgovara se, takođe, – “Hristos Vaskrse” i “Vaistinu Vaskrse”. Na Vaskrs se prvo jede kuvano vaskršnje jaje, a onda ostalo jelo.Toga dana, ako gost dođe u kuću, prvo se dariva farbanim jajetom, pa se onda poslužuje ostalim ponudama.
Pobusani ponedeljak
Prvi ponedjeljak posle Vaskrsa zove se Pobusani ponedeljak. Toga dana, po narodnom vjerovanju i običaju, treba pobusati grobove umrlih srodnika busenjem sa zelenom travom. U nekim krajevima, ovaj dan se obilježava kao i zadušnice. Naime, izlazi se na groblja, pale se svijeće, uređuju grobovi i sveštenik vrši parastose i pomene za pokoj duša pokojnika. Taj dan se iznose farbana vasršnja jaja na grob, i dijele se potom sirotinji. Dakle, Pobusani ponedaljak je dan posvećen mrtvima.
Neki od običaja su:
• Za Uskrs valja ustati rano ujutru, a ne otići na spavanje prije ponoći. Ukoliko bi se otišlo na spavanje prije ponoći, to bi značilo da će do narednog Uskrsa osoba da bude pospana i nesklona poslu;
• Ujutru se valja umiti vodom u kojoj je potopljen drijen, zdravac, bosiljak i crveno vaskršnje jaje;
• Djecu valja dotaći crvenim jajetom – da budu crvena i zdrava tokom godine;
• Prvo se omrsiti vaskršnjim jajetom;
• Na Uskrs, rano ujutru ljudi su odlazili u crkve na jutrenje; U Rusiji je bio običaj da ako se neko uspava i ne dođe na jutrenje u crkvu idu po njega, polivaju ga vodom, ili ga bacaju u rijeku. U 17. vijeku, Sinod Ruske crkve je posebnim ukazom zabranio provođenje ovog običaja, koji je dovodio i do smrtnih stradanja ljudi. Posle ručka ljudi su se okupljali kod Crkve, a ako u selu nema crkve, pod zapis (sveto drvo);
• U nekim selima južnog Banata, Bačke i Srema, po ulicama gdje je prolazila litija palili su vatre ili svijeće u prozorima. Vatre za Uskrs su obavezno paljene kod katolika;
• Ako Uskrs padne prije Đurđevdana nije se jelo jagnjeće meso;
• Za Uskrs se mese posebni hljebovi. U istočnoj Srbiji i nekim djelovima Vojvodine peku se lepinje s umetnutim cijelim jajetom (kovržanjak), koje su međusobno razmjenjuju sa prijateljima;
• Na dan Uskrsa se kriju jaja i slatkiši po dvorištu i kući, pa djeca traže skrivene darove;
• Na drugi dan Uskrsa, koji se zove Pobusani ponedeljak, ide se na groblje i na svaki grob se ostavlja po jedno crveno jaje (da bi i preminuli preci uživali u vaskrsenju isusa Hrista). Ovaj dan se zove i Vodeni ponedeljak, jer tada momci i mladi ljudi polivaju vodom djevojke i mlade žene. Na ovaj ponedjeljak valja i ostaviti razbijeno uskršnje jaje u njivi, da njiva bude plodna. A daje se i uskršnje jaje stoci da ga pojede, da bi cijele godine bila zdrava.
Na dan Uskrsa neizostavno je i kucanje ili tucanje jajima. Jaja se najprije tucaju vrh u vrh, a posle šotku u šotku. Onaj ko razbije tuđe jaje uzima ga za sebe. Inače, u Banatu uskršnja jaja nisu davana pastirima (ovčarima, svinjarima) da ne bi stoka bolovala u toku godine.









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